📏 Pipe Diameter Calculator

📚 How It Works

This calculator uses the continuity equation to determine the required pipe diameter. The formula relates flow rate, velocity, and cross-sectional area:

Q = A × V   →   A = Q/V   →   D = √(4Q/πV)

Where:

• Q = Flow rate (volume per time)
• A = Pipe cross-sectional area
• V = Flow velocity
• D = Pipe diameter

⚡ Recommended Velocities

• Water Supply: 3-8 ft/s (0.9-2.4 m/s) - Avoids erosion and water hammer
• Drainage: 2-4 ft/s (0.6-1.2 m/s) - Self-cleansing velocity
• Hot Water Circulation: 2-5 ft/s (0.6-1.5 m/s)
• Fire Sprinkler: Up to 12-20 ft/s (3.6-6.1 m/s)

⚠️ Important Considerations

• Results show inside diameter - actual pipe O.D. varies by material and schedule
• Always round up to the next standard pipe size
• Consider pressure losses at higher velocities
• For critical applications, consult a licensed plumber